FOUS30 KWBC 020825
QPFERD

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
425 AM EDT Fri May 2 2025

Day 1
Valid 12Z Fri May 02 2025 - 12Z Sat May 03 2025

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF
THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AND MID-SOUTH AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI...

Another round of thunderstorms is expected to develop along and
ahead of a southward moving cold front on Friday...with guidance
still focusing the greatest chances for excessive rainfall from
portions of the Mid-South into the Southern Plains Friday into
Friday night as weak waves propagate northeastward along the front.
Southerly low level flow will draw Gulf moisture northward...helping
increase precipitable water values ahead of the front to 1.5 to 
1.75 inches at the time of the peak heating in a stripe from Texas 
into southern Arkansas. Forecast soundings depict an atmosphere 
supportive of rainfall rates exceeding 2 inches per hour. As 
mentioned previously...the potential for a prolonged period of 
training is fairly minimal so a Slight Risk still seems to cover 
the potential. 00Z HREF neighborhood probabilities of 1-hour QPF
exceeding 2 inches were over 30 percent in parts of southeast TX
with lower probabilities extending into parts of Arkansas.

A Marginal Risk area surrounding the Slight Risk area extends as
far northeastward as parts of the Great Lakes. Precipitable water 
values were generally at or below 1.25 inches ahead of the 
advancing cold front but guidance still showed enough instability 
to support showers and thunderstorms over an area that was still 
had lingering hydrologic sensitivity following recent heavy 
rainfall. In addition...the area will be underneath a right 
entrance region of an upper level jet stream aiding upper level 
support during the afternoon. 

Farther west...there is also a Marginal risk of excessive rainfall
from late day and evening convection over the terrain of New
Mexico. The QPF is fairly modest but even modest rainfall rates
could result in isolated problems with run off...especially if the
rain falls on recent burn scars.

Bann

Day 2
Valid 12Z Sat May 03 2025 - 12Z Sun May 04 2025

....THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM THE GULF
COAST REGION INTO PARTS OF THE EASTERN GREAT LAKES...

The focus for excessive rainfall will shift eastward as a closed
mid-level circulation center takes shape over the nation's mid-
section. The mid- and upper-level flow backs with time from the
Gulf coast northward across parts of the Tennessee and Ohio
Valleys. Initially...this allows deeper moisture to stream
northward. But it also results in the surface/low level front to
move eastward more quickly later in the period...with generally a 
low-end risk of flooding from the Gulf coast northward. The 02/00Z 
suite of numerical guidance hint that there could be some 1 inch to
perhaps 2 inch amounts where frontogenetic forcing aligns 
favorably in between the Gulf and the Ohio Valley...but the signal 
for excessive rainfall showed little run to run / model to model 
consistency.

There is also a Marginal Risk of excessive rainfall over far
southern portion of Texas...where the southern end of the cold has
stalled its southward progression and return flow of Gulf moisture
has begun. Several of the High Res ensemble highlight this area 
with QPF in the upper percentiles although the consensus is less 
than unanimous in amounts or placement. With soundings showing 
warm cloud processes through a deep layer and the CAPE profile is 
tall and skinny...introduced a Marginal risk here.

Bann

Day 3
Valid 12Z Sun May 04 2025 - 12Z Mon May 05 2025

...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PARTS OF THE
EASTERN UNITED STATES AND SOUTHERN ROCKIES ...

The risk of excessive rainfall persists across parts of the Mid-
Atlantic and Southeast US as a broad upper trough continues to make
its way eastward on Day 3. Deepest moisture of 1.25 to 1.5 inches
will be eventually be shunted off-shore late in the period. Until
then...isolated downpours are possible with spaghetti plots of
2 and 3-inches of rain in 24 hours mainly being produced by models
with the ARW core...but enough members from the NMM core and from
the GEFS to warrant a Marginal.

There is also a Marginal Risk area over parts of New Mexico again
as moisture continue to spread northward and westward from the
Gulf. After 00Z...the flow aloft between the westerly subtropical
jet and a jet streak and low- and mid-levels become increasingly
diffluent with height falls beginning ahead of an approaching 
closed low from the west. This...along with moisture and a low 
level boundary already in place...should support late day and 
evening storms that may produce locally heavy rainfall rates.

Bann

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